Finding a discount on your airfare can be a real challenge, but with the right tools and some know-how, you can often save hundreds of dollars.

When are the cheapest airfares available? I have to say, it's pretty random. Good fares can pop up at any time due to fare wars and other factors. Being persistent in checking fares (ideally, every single day) really pays off. I have some hints below about the easiest way to do this.

To the extent that there is any pattern, it seems that the lowest airfares are often available approximately 4 months in advance and again 6-8 weeks in advance. It's best to avoid booking within 14 days of your trip, or worse yet, within 7 days. That's when the airfare prices skyrocket. The only exception is if you're willing to buy a last-minute vacation package.

If you will be traveling during a peak period such as Spring Break, June, July, Thanksgiving or Christmastime (especially Friday departures and/or Sunday returns), buy your tickets early, or you may not be able to get seats.

Best days of the week to fly? The cheapest and least crowded days will be Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday.

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Which Airport to Use

If you are going to Walt Disney World, the closest airport is Orlando (MCO). The next-closest airports to Walt Disney World are Sanford (SFB) or Tampa (TPA).

If you're planning a trip to Disneyland in California, you have a lot of airport options:

• The closest to Disneyland is Orange County (SNA), followed by Long Beach (LGB), Ontario (ONT), Los Angeles (LAX) and Burbank (BUR).

• Those who will also be visiting San Diego should consider flying into or out of that airport (SAN), which is about 1.5 hours south of Disneyland.

• Those who also plan to visit Universal Studios Hollywood should consider flying into or out of BUR or LAX, since those airports are closest.

• Keep in mind that you can often fly into one Southern California airport and out of a different one for the same fare as a roundtrip using one airport only. So if you plan to visit San Diego, then Disneyland, then Universal Studios, you might want to fly into SAN and out of BUR.

The airport you're traveling from will dictate what airlines you will need to check. The easiest way to find out what airlines fly from your local airport is usually to visit the airport's web site. (Do a search by the airport name.)

Finding Low Fares Online

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Travelocity

The easiest way to find the lowest current fares on most major airlines is to go to Travelocity:

• Enter the airports in the "From" and "To" boxes.

• Be sure to select "Flexible Dates."

• Enter the number of travelers and search.You'll see a list of airlines and the best airfares they are currently offering. On the right side you'll see a summary of the rules for that fare (dates you can travel, etc.) Pick the lowest fare that will work for your trip, and then check to see which exact dates and flights are available and qualify for the fare.

• At that point you can either book through Travelocity, or you can go to the airline's web site. It's more convenient to book with Travelocity but be aware that the site charges a nominal fee for this convenience.

• If you decide to book directly with the airline's web site, be sure to first write down the flight numbers, dates and times you have found through Travelocity. Then go to the airline's web site and plug in the correct dates and times. The same fare you found on Travelocity will usually (but not always) pop up.

Another nice feature on Travelocity is the Fare Watcher. Go to the site, register and sign up for the destination(s) you want to watch. You will receive an email every time the fare changes.

Some airlines, including Southwest, do not participate in Travelocity, so you'll need to go directly to their web sites to check fares.

Residents of the UK can check airfares at Travelocity.co.uk to get prices in UK pounds.

Expedia

Another web site that provides good tools for finding low fares on many of the major airlines is Expedia.

Expedia allows you to search for the best fare for a particular date, or click on the Fare Compare or Fare Calendar options and you can find the lowest fares for flexible dates. Expedia charges a nominal fee for issuing air tickets.

Some airlines, including Southwest, do not participate in Expedia, however, so you'll need to go directly to their web sites to check fares.

Canadians can check airfares at Expedia.ca, which quotes fares in Canadian dollars. Thanks to Tod B for this tip.

Residents of the UK can check airfares at Expedia.co.uk to get prices in UK pounds.

ITA Software Trip Planner

ITA Software offers a free, very useful "Trip Planner" site that allows you to search a wide variety of airlines for the lowest fares. It's a bit more complex to use than Travelocity or Expedia, but you often get more comprehensive results. Also, if you have flexible dates, this tool allows you to make broader searches (up to 30 days at a time).

ITA asks you to log in the first time you use it -- just click on the link that says "log in as a guest." You cannot book tickets from the ITA site, but if you write down the exact flight numbers, dates and times that have the lowest fares, you should be able to book them on the appropriate airline's own web site. I've used this tool a lot and have never had any issues with booking the fares I've found.

Major Airlines

The major airlines may offer the best fares on the Internet through their own web sites. Some airlines offer bonus frequent flyer miles or even cash discounts if you book through their web sites.

If a particular airline offers a lot of flights from your home airport to Orlando (or to Southern California, if you're planning a trip to Disneyland), sign up for the airline's "e-fares" or "web specials" e-mails. Most airlines offer these - just go to the web site and sign up.

Links to major airlines that fly to/from Orlando and Southern California:

• AirTran Airways

• Alaska Airlines

• Allegiant Air

• American Airlines

• British Airways

• Continental Airlines

• Delta Airlines

• Frontier Airlines

• Hawaiian Airlines

• JetBlue

• Northwest Airlines

• Southwest Airlines

• Spirit Airlines

• United Airlines

• US Airways

• Virgin America

• Virgin Atlantic

Promotional Fares

Promotional fares are used by airlines to create price wars with other airlines (usually with the long-term goal of driving out a competitor in a particular market). Once you know what the going fare is for your destination, if you see a good fare, jump on it. Most deeply discounted fares disappear within 2 days, and sometimes they only last a few hours. That means you have to keep watching the fares all the time.

Did you know there's a best day of the week to get cheap promotional airfares? It's Wednesday, according to some experts. However, I have gotten great promo fares every day of the week, and find them to be pretty random, so don't assume Wednesday is the only day to check. I strongly recommend using a service like Travelocity's Fare Watcher, or checking Travelocity or ITA daily to grab the best fare for your destination.

Consolidator Fares

Consolidators buy large blocks of tickets from major airlines at a discount, and resell them. Often these are offered through the small ads in the travel section of your local newspaper. You usually do not qualify for frequent flyer miles and these are almost always "no refund, no exchanges." While I've had good luck with consolidators, I would strongly advise paying with a credit card to protect yourself if the consolidator turns out to be fly-by-night.

Use Alternate Airports

Don't forget to check the fares from close-by alternate airports. For instance, if you live in Asheville, NC, check the airfares from Charlotte. You might save enough to make a short drive worthwhile.

Fly into Sanford or Tampa instead of Orlando. If you can't find a good fare to Orlando, look at the fares to Sanford Airport (serviced by quite a few flights from the UK, plus charters from a few Midwest and East coast cities) or Tampa (serviced by many major airlines). Sanford is about 45 minutes from Disney World; Tampa is about an hour's drive (vs 20 minutes from Orlando). The car rental rates from Tampa are about the same and you can sometimes save $50 per ticket (the fares are about the same but the discounted seats don't sell out as fast). However, be aware that Sanford Airport has limited services (it may be more difficult and/or expensive to get a rental car, shuttle or limo). Thanks to Lewis C and Don S for this excellent suggestion!

Consider flying into one airport and out of another. MouseSavers reader Gretchen F writes, "I had no problem booking an early flight into Orlando, but it was almost impossible getting any return tickets at a good price that weren't first thing in the morning, thereby cutting off the last day of our package. I live in Connecticut, equally close to the Hartford or New York City airports... I tried various airports and found a decent rate in New York. When I called Delta to book it direct ... the ticket agent told us we could fly out of Hartford and come back to New York. The price was even cheaper than going to and from the same city and we got an earlier morning flight out and a late one coming back .... I always thought that doing that did not consititute a round trip and would have been more expensive ... if you have more than one airport close to you, and you can get some kind of transportation, you can sometimes get flights into and out of different airports for a better rate and/or a better schedule."

Entertainment Book Discount - $10 Off American Airlines

The 2010 Entertainment Books include an offer for $10 off any published American Airlines fare, worldwide. In addition, the 2010 Orange County, CA Entertainment Book has a bonus code for $20 off travel from select cities (Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, Ft Lauderdale, New York City, St Louis or Washington, DC). Each code is good for up to 6 tickets purchased at the same time. You get the discount code by visiting the Entertainment web site after purchasing the book.

I have used this discount repeatedly since it first became available in 2006 and I have never hit a "blackout date" or any other issue that prevented me from using it. The savings can really add up, and can easily pay for the book -- In fact, I've actually bought multiple books just for the American Airlines discount!

There are many other benefits of Entertainment Books for travelers -- click the link to learn more and to check for any current discounts or promotions.

Priceline

Priceline has multiple options for purchasing airfare. The easiest option, and the one that gives you the most control, is to simply pick your airline and buy a published airfare, just like you would with any other travel agency. Unlike any other agency I can think of, they don't charge any booking fee.

Another option is Priceline's "Name Your Own Price" feature, which allows you to bid on your airfare, so it's possible to get some real bargains. However, there are trade-offs: for one thing, you don't get to choose the exact flight time. You can specify the date and whether you're willing to accept a red-eye (overnight) flight, but that's about all. You also don't get to pick the airline, though Priceline only works with major carriers. Most important, if they accept your bid, you are charged immediately and your ticket is absolutely "no refunds, no exchanges."

In short, this is a purchase you should think through carefully, and before bidding through Priceline, first do your homework and find out what the best fares are, using some of the techniques listed above. Then you'll know how much to bid.

Since there are so many uncertainties and restrictions with Priceline bids, I recommend waiting until you've exhausted other options first. However, if your travel dates are drawing close (i.e. within a month) and you have been unable to find a good fare, it may be worth trying a Priceline bid. If you have more time, I would recommend continuing to monitor other options.

Hotwire

Hotwire is similar to Priceline's "Name Your Own Price" service, in that you don't get to choose the exact flight time (you choose the date, and you can specify the number of connections and whether or not you'll accept a red-eye flight) or airline (but they use only major airlines), and the ticket is sold on a "no refunds, no exchanges" basis. However, the difference is that Hotwire tells you exactly how much you'll be paying up front -- you don't bid like you do with Priceline.

As with Priceline, I strongly advise you to do your homework using some of the resources above, so that you know what the going fare is. That will help you to evaluate whether the Hotwire price is a good deal.

Because there are so many restrictions on Hotwire tickets, I recommend trying to book through regular outlets first. But if your travel dates are drawing close (i.e. within a month) and you have been unable to find a good fare, it may be worth trying a Hotwire purchase. If you have more time, you may want to continue checking other options.

Last Minute Deals

If you're willing to plan only a week or two in advance and you need a hotel stay or rental car in addition to airfare, there are some good resources for booking a cheap last-minute vacation package:

• Priceline Packages

• Expedia (under "Build Your Trip" click on Packages)

• Travelocity

• CheapTickets.com

• LastMinute.com

Packages at these sites usually include airfare plus hotel OR airfare plus rental car. Sometimes you can buy an entire package for much LESS than it would cost to book a last-minute airfare!

Extra Baggage Charges (and how to avoid them)

Currently only JetBlue and Southwest Airlines do not charge for the first checked bag. The other major domestic US airlines now charge for all checked bags, and Spirit Airlines charges for carry-on bags, too! Typically the cost is $20-$45 for the first bag, more for additional bags. Additionally, bags are typically limited to 50 lbs or less in weight, and 61-62 inches in overall dimensions. If your bag is over the weight or size limits, you will pay significant surcharges. The surcharges are cumulative, so if you have "excess" bags that are also oversized and overweight, you will pay ALL of the surcharges listed, per person, each way! These fees are subject to change at any time and vary by airline, so be sure to check your airline's web site before traveling to confirm the information.

So how can you avoid these charges?

1. Fly on JetBlue (1 free checked bag per person) or Southwest (2 free checked bags per person).

2. Pack light. With very few exceptions, you won't need any dressy outfits at Disney. It's warm most of the year at both Disneyland and Disney World, so you shouldn't need heavy clothing. Keep your shoes down to a minimum -- no one cares if you have a matching pair for every outfit. Avoid packing a lot of "just in case" items. (Remember, you're not going to the Moon -- if you end up needing something unexpectedly, you can buy it when you arrive.) Trust me, if Mike and I could travel around the world for a month and a half with one standard sized, under-50-pound suitcase each (and we did), you can manage a week at Disney on one bag per person. For more packing tips for Disneyland and Walt Disney World vacations, click on the links.

3. Buy lighter luggage. If you have older suitcases, they may be surprisingly heavy even when empty. We bought new luggage for our around-the-world trip and shaved almost 5 lbs off each bag! eBags offers weight information, reviews and discounts; it's a great place to buy luggage.

4. Remember, the allowances are per seat. If you're taking a baby or child, she gets the same allowance, but you might not need a whole big suitcase for her. (Note that "lap babies" don't have a seat, so they may not get a baggage allowance.) Take a bigger (but not oversized) bag than you need for the child and pack some of the adults' items in it.

5. Carry more on. I hate to suggest this, because most planes are already beyond capacity when it comes to carry-on bags. Still, if you don't mind the fact that one of your carry-ons might end up under the seat in front of you, this is an option. Be sure to check your airline's web site for the exact limits on carry-on bags. Note that Spirit Airlines now charges for carry-on bags, so there is no advantage to carrying your bags onto the plane on that airline.

6. If you must pay the airline luggage fees, see if you can pay through the airline's web site in advance. Often there is a discount for advance online payment.

7. If you go to Disney World every year, consider a service like Owner's Locker. You'll have a lot less to carry back and forth.

8. If you need to take a lot of bulky but not terribly heavy items (diapers, etc.), ship a package ahead to your hotel by UPS or the US Postal Service. As long as the items aren't too heavy, this can save you some money. (And if you're buying something new for the trip, such as a stroller, order it online and have it shipped straight to the hotel.) The package should be addressed as follows:

   Hold for guest: (write the full name under which you made the reservation)
   Check in date: (insert date)
   Hotel's name and address (which will appear on your confirmation form)

Exceptions to the baggage allowances:

1. One stroller and one safety seat per child will usually be excluded from the baggage allowance. Check your airline's web site for details.

2. If you are flying in full-fare Coach, or in Business or First Class, or if you belong to one of the upper tiers of the airline's frequent flyer program, the baggage restrictions may be eased or eliminated. Check your airline's web site.

3. Some airlines allow sports equipment (golf clubs, bicycles) that exceed the baggage size allowances. Check with your airline if you have specific questions.

Frequent Flyer Miles

Probably seems obvious, but frequent flyer miles are a great way to get FREE or upgraded flights. Be sure to sign up for the frequent flyer program at every airline you will ever use. It's free to join and the miles add up! Even if you only fly on a particular airline once, those miles are like "money in the bank." Small amounts of miles can sometimes be exchanged for goodies like free magazine subscriptions.

There are also lots of ways to get frequent flyer miles without flying - and in some cases, without spending a cent! Poke around on the airlines' web sites, under the "promotions" section or the frequent flyer area. You'll often find that the airline has a relationship with supermarkets (get miles every time you shop), florists, rental car companies and more.

The single fastest way to build up frequent flyer miles without flying is to get a credit card that earns miles or points. My personal favorite is the Starwood Preferred Guest Credit Card. By using it to buy absolutely everything from groceries to gas (and paying it off every month), I've been able to take a lot of fabulous vacations for free or almost free, because the points I earn can be exchanged for frequent flyer miles and/or used for hotel stays.

Some airlines offer bonus frequent flyer miles if you book through their web sites.

If you have frequent flyer miles or points in more than one program and you'd like to consolidate them so you can use them, consider signing up for Points.com. This is a FREE program that allows you to trade various points and miles between programs, including American Airlines AAdvantage® miles, Delta SkyMiles®, Priority Club® Rewards, Asia Miles® and more. You'll be able to get the most from airline, accommodation, frequent shopper and savings reward programs to which you already belong!

Where to Stay at the Airport

Arriving late at night? Leaving early in the morning? The Hyatt Regency Orlando International Airport is an upscale hotel that is actually located in the terminal, making it a great choice for those situations.

My husband and I arrived at the Orlando airport late at night on the first night of our honeymoon, and we chose to stay at the airport Hyatt that night so we didn't have to worry about traveling any further. We just collected our bags, took them up on the elevator, checked in and crashed. (The rooms are well insulated from the airport noise, by the way -- we did not hear the planes.) It was not only convenient -- we spent much less than we'd have paid to sleep in the Disney Deluxe resort room where we spent the next two weeks.

The airport Hyatt is a great option for those who need to catch an early-morning flight as well. You'll be right at the airport in the morning, so you can sleep in a little later!

Air Travel Hints

Reconfirming Flight Times & Seating

Be sure to reconfirm your flight times periodically, especially if you've booked far in advance. The airlines have a poor record of notifying passengers when flight times change. Aileen T from West Chester, PA reports that her connecting flight was changed by 8 hours and the airline didn't notify her! Fortunately she discovered this in advance of her trip and was able to rebook on a different flight.

Likewise, some airlines are notorious for changing the type of planes used on a particular route. Each time they do this, the seating has to be rearranged. The airline will not warn you about changes it has made to your seating. So if you are flying on an airline that assigns seating, be sure to check your seat assignment online every so often. You may discover that your carefully selected seats have been reassigned. It's not unusual for a family of four to find themselves scattered all over the plane.

Handling Travel Delays

If your flight is delayed or cancelled, get in line for rebooking at the airport, but also immediately use your cell phone to call the airline directly. In many cases you can get the rebooking handled by phone faster than you will get through the huge line at the airport. (Be sure to program the airline's phone number into your cell phone before you leave.) Thanks to Christy F for the reminder.

MouseSavers reader Teri M from Newton, Kansas offers some hints for handling air travel delays: "We had a 12 hour delay in taking off and were stuck at the airport. Plan for delays and pack entertainment for your kids and yourself. Pack a deck of cards, paper, crayons, game boy, etc. to make it through this wait." It's a good idea to bring plenty of snacks, but don't bring liquids or foods that can be considered "gels" (peanut butter, pudding cups, etc), since those will be confiscated when you go through security.

Teri also points out that if you are delayed for a mechanical reason (or any reason other than weather, which is beyond the airline's control), you should go to the ticket counter and ask for food vouchers, hotel vouchers and flight vouchers valid toward future travel. If the delay is due to weather, you're on your own.

Reducing Ear Pain & Pressure

If you or your kids suffer from pain and/or pressure in your ears during flights, there is a great product called EarPlanes that you will love! They equalize the pressure in your ears, eliminate discomfort and reduce noise. Each pair lasts for two flights. You can get EarPlanes at many drugstores.

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